U.S Law 103-150: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai

[Okwes]

U.S Law 103-150: Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii Apology Bill
Posted by: "[e-mail]" [e-mail] unitednative
Wed Jun 14, 2006 6:38 am (PST)
Apology to all Native Peoples:
_http://www.unitednativeamerica.com/issues/Native_apology.html_
(http://www.unitednativeamerica.com/issues/Native_apology.html)

Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act 2005:
_http://www.unitednativeamerica.com/issues/HR_309_Native_Hawaiian.html_
(http://www.unitednativeamerica.com/issues/HR_309_Native_Hawaiian.html)
UNITED STATES PUBLIC LAW
103-150
103d Congress Joint Resolution 19
Nov. 23, 1993
To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of
the Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of
the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Whereas, prior to the arrival of the first Europeans in 1778, the Native
Hawaiian people lived in a highly organized, self-sufficient, subsistent social
system based on communal land tenure with a sophisticated language, culture,
and religion;
Whereas, a unified monarchical government of the _Hawaiian Islands_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/archip.html) was established in 1810 under Kamehameha
I, the first King of Hawaii;
Whereas, from 1826 until 1893, the United States recognized the independence
of the Kingdom of Hawaii, extended full and complete diplomatic recognition
to the Hawaiian Government, and entered into treaties and conventions with
the Hawaiian monarchs to govern commerce and navigation in _1826_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/treaty1826.html) , 1842, _1849_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/treaty1849.html) , _1875_ (http://www.hawaii-nation.org/treaty1875.html) ,
and _1887_ (http://www.hawaii-nation.org/treaty1884.html) ;
Whereas, the Congregational Church (now known as the United Church of
Christ), through its American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions,
sponsored and sent more than 100 missionaries to the Kingdom of Hawaii between 1820
and 1850;
Whereas, on January 14, 1893, John L. Stevens (hereafter referred to in this
Resolution as the "United States Minister"), the United States Minister
assigned to the sovereign and independent Kingdom of Hawaii conspired with a
small group of non-Hawaiian residents of the Kingdom of Hawaii, including
citizens of the United States, to overthrow the indigenous and lawful Government of
Hawaii;
Whereas, in pursuance of the conspiracy to overthrow the Government of
Hawaii, the United States Minister and the naval representatives of the United
States caused armed naval forces of the United States to invade the sovereign
Hawaiian nation on January 16, 1893, and to position themselves near the
Hawaiian Government buildings and the _Iolani Palace_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/palace.html) to intimidate Queen Liliuokalani and her Government;
Whereas, on the afternoon of January 17,1893, a Committee of Safety that
represented the American and European sugar planters, descendants of
missionaries, and financiers deposed the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed the
establishment of a Provisional Government;
Whereas, the United States Minister thereupon extended diplomatic
recognition to the Provisional Government that was formed by the conspirators without
the consent of the Native Hawaiian people or the lawful Government of Hawaii
and in violation of treaties between the two nations and of international law;

Whereas, soon thereafter, when informed of the risk of bloodshed with
resistance, Queen Liliuokalani issued the following statement yielding her
authority to the United States Government rather than to the Provisional Government:

"I Liliuokalani, by the Grace of God and under the Constitution of the
Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done
against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by
certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and
for this Kingdom.
"That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America whose
Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United
States troops to be landed a Honolulu and declared that he would support the
Provisional Government.
"Now to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life, I
do this under protest and impelled by said force yield my authority until
such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon facts being
presented to it, undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the
authority which I claim as the Constitutional _Sovereign_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/sovereignty.html) of the Hawaiian Islands.".
Done at Honolulu this 17th day of January, A.D. 1893.;
Whereas, without the active support and intervention by the United States
diplomatic and military representatives, the insurrection against the
Government of Queen Liliuokalani would have failed for lack of popular support and
insufficient arms;
Whereas, on February 1, 1893, the United States Minister raised the American
flag and proclaimed Hawaii to be a protectorate of the United States;
Whereas, the report of a Presidentially established investigation conducted
by former Congressman James Blount into the events surrounding the
insurrection and overthrow of January 17, 1893, concluded that the United States
diplomatic and military representatives had abused their authority and were
responsible for the change in government;
Whereas, as a result of this investigation, the United States Minister to
Hawaii was recalled from his diplomatic post and the military commander of the
United States armed forces stationed in Hawaii was disciplined and forced to
resign his commission;
Whereas, in a message to Congress on December 18, 1893, _President Grover
Cleveland reported fully and accurately_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/cleveland.html) on the illegal acts of the conspirators, described such acts as an
"act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative
of the United States and without authority of Congress", and acknowledged that
by such acts the government of a peaceful and friendly people was
overthrown;
Whereas, President Cleveland further concluded that a "substantial wrong has
thus been done which a due regard for our national character as well as the
rights of the injured people requires we should endeavor to repair" and
called for the restoration of the Hawaiian monarchy;
Whereas, the Provisional Government protested President Cleveland's call for
the restoration of the monarchy and continued to hold state power and pursue
annexation to the United States;
Whereas, the Provisional Government successfully lobbied the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate (hereafter referred to in this Resolution as
the "Committee") to conduct a new investigation into the events surrounding the
overthrow of the monarchy;
Whereas, the Committee and its chairman, Senator John Morgan, conducted
hearings in Washington, D.C., from December 27,1893, through February 26, 1894,
in which members of the Provisional Government justified and condoned the
actions of the United States Minister and recommended annexation of Hawaii;
Whereas, although the Provisional Government was able to obscure the role of
the United States in the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, it was
unable to rally the support from two-thirds of the Senate needed to ratify a
treaty of annexation;
Whereas, on July 4, 1894, the Provisional Government declared itself to be
the Republic of Hawaii;
Whereas, on January 24, 1895, while imprisoned in _Iolani Palace_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/palace.html) , Queen Liliuokalani was forced by
representatives of the Republic of Hawaii to officially abdicate her throne;
Whereas, in the 1896 United States Presidential election, William McKinley
replaced Grover Cleveland;
Whereas, on July 7, 1898, as a consequence of the Spanish-American War,
President McKinley signed the Newlands Joint Resolution that provided for the
annexation of Hawaii;
Whereas, through the Newlands Resolution, the self-declared Republic of
Hawaii ceded sovereignty over the _Hawaiian Islands_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/archip.html) to the United States;
Whereas, the Republic of Hawaii also _ceded 1,800,000 acres of crown,
government and public lands_ (http://www.hawaii-nation.org/mauidemo.html) of the
Kingdom of Hawaii, without the consent of or compensation to the Native
Hawaiian people of Hawaii or their sovereign government;
Whereas, the Congress, through the Newlands Resolution, ratified the
cession, annexed Hawaii as part of the United States, and vested title to the lands
in Hawaii in the United States;
Whereas, the Newlands Resolution also specified that _treaties existing
between Hawaii and foreign nations_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/treatylist.html) were to immediately cease and be replaced by United States treaties with
such nations;
Whereas, the Newlands Resolution effected the transaction between the
Republic of Hawaii and the United States Government;
Whereas, the indigenous Hawaiian people never directly relinquished their
claims to their inherent _sovereignty_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/sovereignty.html) as a people or over their national lands to the United States, either
through their monarchy or through a plebiscite or referendum;
Whereas, on April 30, 1900, President McKinley signed the Organic Act that
provided a government for the territory of Hawaii and defined the political
structure and powers of the newly established Territorial Government and its
relationship to the United States;
Whereas, on August 21,1959, Hawaii became the 50th State of the United
States;
Whereas, the health and well-being of the Native Hawaiian people is
intrinsically tied to their deep feelings and attachment to the land;
Whereas, the long-range economic and social changes in Hawaii over the
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have been devastating to the population
and to the health and well-being of the Hawaiian people;
Whereas, the Native Hawaiian people are determined to preserve, develop and
transmit to future generations their ancestral territory, and their cultural
identity in accordance with their own spiritual and traditional beliefs,
customs, practices, language, and social institutions;
Whereas, in order to promote racial harmony and cultural understanding, the
Legislature of the State of Hawaii has determined that the year 1993, should
serve Hawaii as a year of special reflection on the rights and dignities of
the Native Hawaiians in the Hawaiian and the American societies;
Whereas, the Eighteenth General Synod of the United Church of Christ in
recognition of the denomination's historical complicity in the illegal overthrow
of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 directed the Office of the President of the
United Church of Christ to offer a public apology to the Native Hawaiian
people and to initiate the process of reconciliation between the United Church of
Christ and the Native Hawaiians; and
Whereas, it is proper and timely for the Congress on the occasion of the
impending one hundredth anniversary of the event, to acknowledge the historic
significance of the illegal overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, to express its
deep regret to the Native Hawaiian people, and to support the reconciliation
efforts of the State of Hawaii and the United Church of Christ with Native
Hawaiians;
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND APOLOGY.
The Congress -
(1) on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the illegal overthrow of the
Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893, acknowledges the historical
significance of this event which resulted in the suppression of the inherent
sovereignty of the Native Hawaiian people;
(2) recognizes and commends efforts of reconciliation initiated by the State
of Hawaii and the United Church of Christ with Native Hawaiians;
(3) apologizes to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the people of the United
States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893 with the
participation of agents and citizens of the United States, and the deprivation
of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self-determination;
(4) expresses its commitment to acknowledge the ramifications of the
overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, in order to provide a proper foundation for
reconciliation between the United States and the Native Hawaiian people; and
(5) urges the President of the United States to also acknowledge the
ramifications of the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and to support
reconciliation efforts between the United States and the Native Hawaiian people.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Joint Resolution, the term "Native Hawaiians" means any
individual who is a descendent of the aboriginal people who, prior to 1778,
occupied and exercised _sovereignty_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/sovereignty.html) in the area that now constitutes the State of Hawaii.
SEC. 3. DISCLAIMER.
Nothing in this Joint Resolution is intended to serve as a settlement of any
claims against the United States.
Approved November 23, 1993
______________________________
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY - S.J. Res. 19:
SENATE REPORTS: No. 103-125 (Select Comm. on Indian Affairs)
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 139 (1993):
_Oct. 27, considered and passed Senate._
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/congrec-senate.html)
_Nov. 15, considered and passed House._
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/congrec-house.html)
the logical consequences of this resolution would be independence."

- Senator Slade Gorton, WA. _US Senate Congressional Record_
(http://www.hawaii-nation.org/congrec-senate.html)
Wednesday, October 27, 1993, 103rd Cong. 1st Sess.

******************************************

_http://www.sapphyr.net/natam/index.htm_
(http://www.sapphyr.net/natam/index.htm)

"Free Hawaii" - Online Voice for the Kingdom of Hawaii, advocates

_http://www.freehawaii.org/index.html_ (http://www.freehawaii.org/index.html)

[JoeLaumn]

I am the lead programmer for the E-mail Extractor and Search Engine Scraper by Creative Bear Tech. In summary, this online search engine scraper can scrape most of the search engines, featuring Google, Bing, AOL, Yandex together with social network sites channels like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Yellow Pages, Google Maps and much more. I think it will be a lot easier if you check out the full tutorial at blockchainlifemag.com/2019/05/21/guide-email-extractor-and-search-engine-scraper-by-creative-bear-tech. The software program is not official yet, but right after it is, it will be available on creativebeartech.com

We are presently beta testing the computer software and looking for beta tester and software reviewers. You will receive the full licence key for the software and can even scrape B2B contact information for your own industry. If interested, please give me a shout on Facebook www.facebook.com/Creative-Bear-Tech-2284249764963533/or just reply to this thread.