Native Village European Invasion Library

[Okwes]

Native Village European Invasion Library

"With the arrival of the conquistadores began the extermination of 90
million natives of South America and destruction of all cultures on
this side of the Atlantic. Ther e is nothing to celebrate on [Columbus
Day], unless you want to celebrate the death and cultural destruction
of the conquest.” Marta Gordillo, Argentine

Columbus's ships: www.sailtexas.com

**Roanoke Revisited
An educational journey of Virginia's Lost Colony
www.nps.gov/fora/roanokerev.htm

**Chiapas Highlands: The Weaver's Tale
Listen to how a young Tzotzil woman is trying to bridge the gap
between old and new in the Chiapas highlands.
www.archive.org/details/Mexico_Chiapas_Highlands_The_Weavers_Tale

Raised Voices: Toninho on indigenous peoples
Audio testimonies of people from the Majority World on the impacts the
G8 has on their lives and their countries.
www.archive.org/details/Raised_Voices_Toninho_on_indigenous_peoples

Harvest Ceremony: Beyond the Thanksgiving Myth
From the Smithsonian, assists teachers in preparing lessons about the
first Thanksgiving
www.nmai.si.edu/education/files/harvest.pdf

**Exploration & Explorers
Looks at Europe's view of North America before & after Columbus
memory.loc.gov/learn/community/cc_exploration.php

**The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii
The US overthrow and imposition of the Republic of Hawaii was contrary
to the will of the native Hawaiians.
www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hawaii-petition/

Chiapas
Video art clip of the conflicts in cultural and political climate
www.indigenouspeople.net/chiapasmov.htm

**Allotment Era in Cherokee History
An interactive website about the d ivision of Reservation lands into
parcels that could (and were) sold to non-Indians from 1887-1934.
www.cherokee.org/allotment

*WHO'S LAND IS THIS?
Video clip about the truth of Canada's settlements and treaties.
www.motionvisual.com/filmcatalogue_sub.htm

**The Berger Pipeline Inquiry
Across Canada, native leaders celebrate the Berger Report as "the
best statement on native rights since the Europeans came to Canada."
archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-73-295/politics_economy/pipeline/

**Discovery of America by Prince Madog ab Owen Gwynedd, 1170
Account given by Gen. Bowles, Creek or Cherokee Indian, and by members
of other tribes
memory.loc.gov

**Memorandum Regarding the Enlistment of Navajo Indians
Photocopy of actual memorandum to enlist Navajos as codetalkers
www.archives.gov/education/lessons/code-talkers/images/letter-01.jpg

**Pacific Travelers
The Indigenous Pacific islanders who voyaged with Cook
www.common-place.org/vol-05/no-02/newell/index.shtml

**National NAGPRA Database
Organized documents related to the Native American Graves Protection
and Repatriation Act
web.cast.uark.edu/other/nps/nagpra/

** Saint Augustine Map, 1589
The oldest item in the State Archives of Florida,
www.floridamemory.com/FloridaHighlights/mapstaug.cfm

** New World Encounters
American history does not begin with Columbus
www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/prog01/

** Indian Affairs Head Makes Apology
Remarks of Kevin Gover, Assistant Secretary of Bureau of Indian Affairs
www.edu-cyberpg.com/Teachers/IndianApology.html

** The Journey o f Chris topher Columbus: Beyond the Textbook
Information about the 1492-1493 journey headed by Christopher Columbus
from Spain to the "new world."
www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies/btt/columbus/

**Realms of Gold: A Catalogue of Maps in the Library of the American
Philosophical Society
Nearly 600 page volume is the definitive guide to all maps held at the
APS.
www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/r/rog.htm

Initial point marker
C ommemorating the establishment of the boundary between Arkansas
Territory and Indian Country
www.cr.nps.gov/museum/treasures/html/M/fosm2835.htm

**National Geographic: Lewis & Clark
An interactive log based on the journal entries from the Lewis and
Clark expedition.
www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/

**Native American Holocaust Museum
Documentation, study, and interpretation of Native American Holocaust
history
www.nahm.org/

</ font> **Native American Deeds
From Essex County, Massachusetts:a web site of Colonial-era land deals
with local tribes
www.salemdeeds.com/nativeamericandeeds.asp

**Colonial Cartography: The Plymouth Company Maps
Indian deeds are represented on some of these maps.
www.mainememory.net/home.shtml

**Sorry Day
Activities to acknowledge the impact of the policies of forcible
removal on Australia's indigenous populations.
www.acn.net.au/articles/sorry/

MAKING TREATIES
Video clip focusing on British Columbia's land ownership and economic
future.
www.motionvisual.com/filmcatalogue_sub.htm


*Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Online
Contains several thousands pages of the explorers' journals and superb
extra features
lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/index.html< br />
*Historic Maps in K-12 Classrooms
Features lessons built around historically important maps including
Columbus's world (1482), an Indian map of the Southeast (1721),
Captain Cook & Hawaii
www3.newberry.org/k12maps/

*Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768 - 1771
Images of James Cook's "journal of the voyage of H.M.S. Endeavour
during which Cook discovered Eastern Australia and circumnavigated New
Zealand
lii.org/search?goto=025659

*Native Americans and Mount Rushmore
The insult of Rushmore to the Sioux
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rushmore/peopleevents/p_sioux.html

*The General Allotment Act
Congress's Act which divided Native American reservation land into parcels
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/1900/peopleevents/pandeAMEX37.html -

*Alabama Changes Columbus Day to American Indian Heritage
Read the Proclamation
eveningrain.com/AlabamaProclamation05.html

Chronology of U.S. Military Actions and Wars, 1775 - Present
Map of major battles with American Indians
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/warletters/timeline/

A SELECT CATALOG OF NATIONAL ARCHIVES MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS
Ratified Indian Treaties, 1722-1869. M668. 16 rolls. DP.
www.archives.gov/publications/microfilm_catalogs/american_indian/american_indian_part05.html</
strong>

Canada in the Making
Looks at Canadian these treaties and laws, and the events that
preceded and followed these changes.
www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/aboriginals_e.html

* First Meetings in the North Pacific
1741: first meeting of Russians with today's Aleut peoples.
www.common-place.org/vol-05/no-02/namias/index.shtml
*
*The Viking Deception
Fresh evidence confirming that ta Viking map is ae clever forgery.
www.pbs.org/nova/vinland/

The Sullivan-Clinton Campaign: History, the Iroquois, and George
Washington
The largest expedition ever before mounted against the American Indians
www.sullivanclinton.com

**Removing Native Americans from their Land
In 1838, the Cherokee were forced on a 1,000-mile mar ch to the
established Indian Territory with few provisions. Approximately 4,000
Cherokees died on this “Trail of Tears.”
memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/native_american2.html

**Lewis and Clark, the Unheard Voices
An alternative viewpoint on an often-glorified era, and call attention
to the dangers of ethnocentric and one-sided versions of history.
www.adl.org/education/curriculum_connections/In_this_issue_fall_2004.asp

**Historical Statistics of the U.S.
Colonial Times to 1970 as
www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/index.htm

**AMERICAN INDIAN HERITAGE MONTH PROCLAMATION
November, 2004
www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/11/20041104-15.html

REVOKING THE BULL "INTER CAETERA" OF MAY 4, 1493
That Papal document called for Carribean Nations and Peoples to be
subjugated so the Christian Empire
www.uctp.org/papalbull.htm

*Leif Erikson
Leif Erikson, the first European on North American soil, summarizes
the various
accounts of his journey.
www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/erikson_leif.shtml

Leif Ericson Viking Ship
Dedicated to Leif Ericson, the first European to set foot upon and
explore the North American Continent
www.vikingship.org

*The People...Native Americans
Native American affected by successive waves of immigrants arrived
from other nations
memory.loc.gov/learn/community/cc_nativeamerican.php

*1492: AN ONGOING VOYAGE
An Exhibit of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC
www.ibiblio.org/expo/1492.exhibit/Intro.html

Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark & the Revealing of America
& nbsp; Looks at historical maps, relations with Indians, &
expedition artifacts
www.loc.gov/exhibits/lewisandclark/lewisandclark.html

Zoom into Maps
Offers hundreds of historical maps, including European invasion and
exploration of the Americas
memory.loc.gov/learn/features/maps/index.html

*1421: The Year China Discovered the World
This site supports the theory that the Chinese circumnavigated and
charted the globe the Europeans
h ttp://w ww.1421.tv/

*History of Guantanamo Bay
Begins with Columbus' Discovery of the Cuban bay in the Caribbean
through 1982
www.nsgtmo.navy.mil/history.htm

*500 Anos de Brasil
An online exibition
www.bn.br/fbn/bibvirtual/exposicoes/500anos/expo500-1.htm

*Jacques Cartier Sailed Up the St. Lawrence River
< font face="Arial" color="#cc3300" size="2">June 9, 1534
www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/colonial/cartier_1

*A Settlement with Unsettling Challenges
The establishment of Jamestown in 1607
www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/colonial/jamestwn_1

*Fill up the Canvas
Follow Lewis and Clark as they meet the Teton Sioux, Nez Perce, and
other tribes.
memory.loc.gov/lea rn/feat ures/lewisandclark/index.html

*Raid of Deerfield, Massachusetts
During the Queen Anne's War February 29, 1704
www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/colonial/deerfld_1

*The Annexation of Hawaii: A Collection of Documents
This large collection includes hand-written letters by Queen Liliuokalani.
libweb.hawaii.edu/libdept/hawaiian/annexation/annexation.html

*DeSoto's Midwestern Conquest: Starting Point
Maps of 16th century Spanish conquest trails among Native American
villages in 14 States, including Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois
floridahistory.com/inseta.html

*Journeys West"
Examine the motivations of people who traveled west during the 1800s,
as well as the conditions they encountered.
lcweb2.loc.gov/learn/lessons/01/west/index.html

*Captured By Indians: Mary Jemison Becomes an Indian
www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5794/

* Rapa Nui (the big island)
European discovery was by the Dutch navigator Roggeveen on Easter day
www.beingindigenous.org/magazine/rapa_nui_dicovered1.htm

* Immigration..Native American: Removal from their Land
President Andrew Jackson offered reasons why Native Americans should
be removed from their lands
memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/native_american2.html

* A History of Concession Development in Yellowstone National Park, 1872-
1966 [pdf]
www.nps.gov/yell/history/concessions/index.htm

The French and Indian War in Pennsylvania
www.explorep

Columbus Didn't Discover Us (1992)
Free online documentary. (Registration required)
www.movieflix.com

Making of Lewis and Clark: Great Journey West
Free online documentary. (Registration required)
www.movieflix.com

THEODORE de BRY's Native American Engraving
As it was seen and drawn by Le MOYNE in 1560's America
h ttp://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry-plates/

Topolobampo Collection
Records of the Credit Foncier of Sinaloa Company and its failed
utopian colony at Topolobampo Bay, Mexico, in the late 1800s
www.lib.csufresno.edu/subjectresources/specialcollections/topolobampo.htm

Indian Adoption Project
In 1957, the BIA contracts with the Child Welfare League of America
for Indian adoption by white families.
216.198.222.116/childhistory/FRAMES/h istory1950.htm

Disaster at Wounded Knee
Such violent conflicts were common throughout many territories,
memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/native_american7.html

Changing Views of Christopher Columbus
Audio view of Columbus by William Keegan, Florida Museum of Natural
History.
talkinghistory.oah.org/arch1998.html#Anchor-Changin-40979

Wounded Knee: 25 Years Later,
Audio about changes in Native American relations since Wounded Knee by
Fr. Don Doll, S.J.,
talkinghistory.oah.org/arch1998.html#Anchor-Wounde-49858

Immigration.. Native American: Losses
The precarious relationship between U.S. soldiers and Native American
hunters..
memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/native_american6.html -

Native Americans
Lew is and Clark, Native Americans, and the USGS
www.usgs.gov/features/lewisandclark/NativeAmerican.html

Inventing the Indian
A collection of images from Northwest Ohio
www.attic.utoledo.edu/att02/slideshow/slideshow-demo.html

Maps of the Pimeria
Early Cartography of the Southwest
www.library.arizona.edu/pimeria/welc ome.html

European Commission: Support for indigenous people
A brief overview of the European Commission's position on supporting
indigenous peoples.
europa.eu.int/comm/development/lex/en/indigen.htmTrust Us
A cartoon satire about the Interior Department's treatment of American
Indians
www.markfiore.com/animation/trust.html

THE MEETING OF MOCTEZUMA AND CORTES
Letter of Cortes to Emperor Charles V (1521)
www.ancientmexico.com/articles/index.html

American Shores
Maps of the Middle Atlantic Region until 1859
www.nypl.org/research/midatlantic/

Our Native Land
Broadcast: May 14, 1977 . Across Canada, native leaders celebrated the
Berger Report as "the best statement on native rights since the
Europeans came to Canada."
archives.cbc.ca/300c.asp?IDCat=73&IDDos=295& ;IDLan=1&IDMenu=73

Righting 100 years of wrong.
Broadcast Nov. 21, 1996. The Royal Commission report polarizes Ottawa
with its sweeping recommendations.
archives.cbc.ca/400d.asp?IDCat=73&IDDos=516&IDCli=2443&IDLan=1&IDMenu=73

The National Council of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial
www.lewisandclark200.org/

Governor's Office of Indian Affairs Washington State
Information on tribal treaties, tourism, government relations,
and economic development
www.goia.wa.gov/

“Another Race of White Men Come Amongst Us”: Native American Views as
British Invade
www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6626/

“Their Extraordinary Great Labor”: Roger Williams Observes Indian
Customs and Language, 1643
< font fa ce="Arial" color="#cc3300"
size="2">http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6234/

J John Ball Visits Hawaii in 1833
www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6209/

“Kill the Indian, and Save the Man”: Capt. Richard C. Pratt on the
Education of Native Americans
www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4929

“Your People Live Only Upon Cod”:
An Algonquian Response to European Claims of Cultural Superiority
www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5828/

"The Iroquois were much astonished that two men should have been
killed so quickly”: Samuel de Champlain Introduces Firearms to Native
Warfare, 1609
www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6594/

Stealing From Indians: Inside the Bureau of Indian Affairs
An downloadable expose of corruption, massive fraud and justice denied
www.dickshovel.com/stealsit.html

The European Voyages of Exploration
Spain and Portugal: two pioneering nations, their motivations, their
actions, and the inevitable consequences of their colonization.
www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/index.html

Columbus and Celestial Navigation
Learn how Columbus tried to determine his latitude using celestial
navigation on his first voyage across the Atlantic.
www1.minn.net/~keithp/cn.htm

Columbus Quest
ColumbusQuest will follow Christopher Columbus' sea route through the
Bahamas to Cuba.
quest.classroom.com/marketing/ColumbusQuest/ColumbusQuest.as

Immigration...Native American: Destroying Cultures
How European Invasion affected the Native cultures.
memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/na_voc.htm

Voyage of the Endeavor
In 1768, James Cook and the crew of the Endeavor set sail for the
South Pacific. Their mission: research effective sea-navigation
techniques and seek out the island continent of Australia.
www.nhm.ac.uk/museum/tempexhib/voyages/endeavour.html

The Ethnography of Lewis and Clark
A virtual exhibit from Harvard University.
www.peabody.harvard.edu/Lewis_and_Clark/

VIRGINIA AND THE QUEBEC BILL
1774 saw a sharp conflict between Virginia and England as to ju
risdiction over Indian territory north of the Ohio.
www.dinsdoc.com/winsor-1.htm

The Indian Boundary Line
A 1763 paper and map of Indian territory.
dinsdoc.com/farrand-1.htm
The Forts of Old San Juan: Guardians of the Caribbean
A history of Puerto Rico & the forts Spain established to protect its
growing population & riches in the Caribbean
www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/60sanjuan/60sanjuan.htm

Jacques Cartier
The colonization of Canada, Cartier's routes, and his exploration of
Newfoundland and the Gaspe Bay.
www.civilisations.ca/vmnf/explor/carti_e1.html

Nahua Numbering System
A precise accounting in graphic images and recorded testimony or
Huexotzinco products paid as tribute to the Spanish.
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trt045a.html

Hu exotzinco Codex, 1531
Part of the written testimony in a 1531 legal case of the Huexotzinco
people and Cortes against representatives of the colonial government
in Mexico.
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trt045.htm

Black Hills Treaty, 1868-document photo
Recognizes the Black Hills of Dakota as part of the Great Sioux
Reservation
www.nara.gov/exhall/originals/sioux.html

Columbus's book of Privileges
Authentic cop ies of Columbus's original documents through which
Isabel and Fernando had him granted titles, revenues, powers, and
privileges to him and his descendants. T
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tr00.html#columbus

A NEW WORLD
Earliest European maps of the Americas
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tr11a.html#newworld

The Russian Orthodox Church and Native Alaskans
Incredibly moving human exchanges that took place between the priests
of the Russian Orthodox Church in Alaska and Native A laskans , during
the years 1794 to about 1915.
www.loc.gov/exhibits/russian/russch1.html

Cherokee Nation Denied Foreign Nation Status
In 1831, Associate Justice Smith Thompson wrote a dissenting opinion
upholding the claims of the Cherokee Nation as a foreign Nation.
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr050.html

Samuel de Champlain's 1607 Map
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tr22b.html#mapping

< font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">Native Youth on the
Indian Act and Assimilation
This radio episode was produced by youth from Native Friendship Center
of Montreal.
Listen to the program: www.radio4all.net/proginfo.php?id=4358

CKUT's Long Term Memory Radio
A 4-part series on Canada's Relationship with Native North America
www.radio4all.net (http://www.radio4all.net/proginfo.php?id=4358)

New Spain The Frontiers of Faith (Exceptional images.)
www.humanities-interactive.org/newspain/exhibit52.htm

Crossroads of Empire
Printed maps of Texas and the southwest beginning in 1513
www.humanities-interactive.org/crossroads/exhibit26.html

The Island of California
A 1656 map
www.humanities-interactive.org/newworld/fact_fict/index.html

Border Studies: Texas/Mexico Border
The study of merging cultures from pre-1700 until today (Exceptional
images.)
www.humanities-interactive.org/borderstudies/border_studies_exhibit/exhibitindex.html

El Canal de Panama/The Panama Canal -
From the Panama Canal Authority, "the autonomous agency of the
Government of Panama in charge of managing, operating, and maintaining
the canal."
www.pancanal.com/

Juan de Onate's Journey in 1598 (Exceptional images.)
www.humanities-interactive.org/onate/index.html

Peru Mestizo: Life and Art in a Colonial Kingdom
The encounter of Francisco Pizarro and the Inca in the Andean
highlands of Peru changed everything-forever. (Exceptional images.)
www.humanities-interactive.org/newworld/mestizo/index.html

Drake's Attack on St. Augustine
The earliest printed depiction of Sir Francis Drake's 1586 attack on
St. Augustine, Fla.
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr029.html

Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties
A compilation of U.S. treaties, laws and executive orders pertaining
to Native American Indian tribes.
digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/index.htm

Records of the Indian Claims Commission
Claims against the United states on behalf of any tribe, band o r
other identifiable group of American Indians.
www.nara.gov/guide/rg279.html

We the People
Interviews with Native American teens and adults in New York City
indicate the struggle to overcome obstacles created since Christopher
Columbus still continues today.
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00789

Racism: The Internal Madness
In cities of many cultures, racism is not only a black and white issue.
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00783

And The Dish Ran Away With The Spoon
A fascinating documentary from Trinidad and Tobago about the
domination of Caribbean television by programs from the North,
primarily the US.
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=04269

Colonel Percy Fawcett
He charted the wilderness of South America, but then disappeared
without a trace
unmuseum.mus.pa.us/fawcett.htm
Spanish Conquest of Native America
This Site provides a Twenty-first Century glimpse at the oldest
written history of America
www.floridahistory.com/index.html

Hidden from History: The Canadian Holocaust
This report contains nearly 200 Aboriginal testimonies from eyewitness
of crimes in church-run residential schools and hospitals across Canada.
members.tripod.com/annett55/index.html

R iver People: Behind the Case of David Sohappy
David Sohappy, a Yakima spiritual leader, was sentenced to a five year
prison term for selling 317 salmon out of season. Claiming an
ancestral right to fish along the Columbia, Sohappy has openly defied
state and federal fishing laws
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=01233

The Legacy Project
Latin American Repression The last half of the 20th century has seen
persistent poverty, political instability and social injustice in many
Latin American republics.
www.legacy-project.org/events/display.html ?ID=14

HAWAII'S ROAD TO INT'L RECOVERY
A slide show entitled "Hawaii's Road to International Recovery"
includes 65 slides about the prolonged occupation of Hawaii from the
19-21st century.
HawaiianKingdom.org/recovery.html

The Ethnography of Lewis and Clark
This online exhibit from Harvard's Peabody Museum explores Native
American Objects and the American Quest for Commerce and Science.
www.peabody.harvard.edu/Lewis&Clark/

Bureau of Indian affairs,
Information about American Indians and Alaska Natives
sipapu.gsu.edu/index.html

Unbidden Voices: We the People
Stereotypes are often perpetuated and exaggerated through the media.
This video analyzes the stereotypes which have evolved specific to
America's indigenous peoples, as seen in cartoons, liquor and...
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00782

Natives of the Narrowland
The Wampanoags of Cape Cod were among the first to come into contact
with European sailing vessels, and hence, among the first to
disappear. Cornell University's American Indian Program shows NATIVES
OF THE NARROWLAND to their graduate students as part of a lecture
entitled Thanksgiving's Children: Myths which Mask the Collapse of the
Indigenous Environment.
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00956

Over 325 Kansas maps have been put online by Wichita State University.
The maps date from 1556 to 1900
specialcollections.wichita.edu/

A Place Called Chiapas
In 1994, impoverished Mayan Indians from the state of Chiapas, took
over 5 towns and 500 ranches in southern Mexico. Filmmaker Nettie Wild
traveled to the jungle canyons of southern Mexico to film the elusive
and fragile life of the uprising.
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00931

[Okwes]

Huexotzinco Codex, 1531
The Huexotzinco Codex is an eight-sheet document on amatl, a pre-
European paper made in Mesoameric. It is part of the testimony in a
legal case against representatives of the colonial government in
Mexico, ten years after the Spanish conquest in 1521.
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trt045.html

Columbus's Book of Privileges
Top Treasures Gallery: American Treasures of the Library of Congress
www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tr00.html#huex

Unbidden Voices: We the People
Stereotypes are often perpetuated and exaggerated through the media.
This video analyzes the stereotypes which have evolved specific to
America's indigenous peoples, as seen in cartoons, liquor an d...
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00782

Europe had nothing like the rattlesnake nor North America anything
like the humped camel.
The Columbian Exchange, Plants, Animals, and Disease between the Old
and New Worlds
www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/columbian.htm

The buffalo was first and foremost of utmost significance to people of
the plains and prairies.
Buffalo Tales: The Near-Extermination of the American Bison
www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/buffalo.htm

Concepción de la Vega
Tucked away in the foothills of the rich Cibao valley of the central
Dominican Republic, the ruins of this once large and thriving city
arenearly forgotten and rarely visited. Researchers from the
University of Florida have been working for the past several years
with the Dominican National Park Service to try and change that, by
preserving the site's remains and enhancing its presentation to the
public.
COLUMBUS'S FORGOTTEN CITY: The Web of Time, issue 12
theweboftime.com/Issue-12/columbus.html

Memoirs from the daughter of a slave to a Creek Indian.
Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project,
1936-1938
http://memor y.loc.gov/mss/mesn/130/120115.tif

Words from Indian slave children.
Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project,
1936-1938
memory.loc.gov/mss/mesn/100/248243.tif

Frontier Forts in the American Revolution
TeachersFirst - Frontier Forts
www.teachersfirst.com/lessons/forts/index.htm

Native Peoples and Champlain
Without the help of the American Indians, Samuel de Champlain's plans
would never have been realized. Exploring the country without the
people who already lived in North America and knew the territory with
its fauna and flora would have been impossible.
Time Periods - The Native Peo ples and Champlain
champlain.expomediatour.ca/epoque/ang_autoc.cfm

Evidence suggests Christopher Columbus was not the first European to
invade the New World.
Leif Ericsson
viking.no/e/people/leif/e-leiv.htm

In 1838, over 850 Potawatomi Indian people were marched 660 miles at
gunpoint from their Indiana homeland. More than 40 died--most of them
children.
Potawatomi Web ­ "Trail of Death" map
www.ukans.edu/~kansite/pbp/people/trail_map.html

Ancient Mexican civilization was nearly 3,000 years old whe n
Europeans invaded.
Lonely Planet - Mexican pre-colonial history
www.lonelyplanet.com/dest/nam/mexhis.htm#azte

Taino ruler Guarionex and his life after European invasion in 1492.
Columbus My Enemy
www.millersv.edu/columbus/data/art/WILSON02.ART

Travel with Louis and Clark and learn how Native Americans assisted
them almost every step of the way.
]Lewis & Clark @ nationalgeographic.com
www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisclark/index.html

8,000 men Navajos forced to make a grueling 300-mile march.
The Long Walk- the 300-mile, forced walk to exile in New Mexico
www.viewzone.com/day3w.htm
A complete index of 368 ratified treaties and 17 unratified treatives
between Indian Nations and invading governments.
Treaty Text Files
hometown.aol.com/Ondamitag/index.html

8,000 men Navajos forced to make a grueling 300-mile march.
The Long Walk- the 300-mile, forced walk to exile in New Mexico
www.viewzone.com/day3w.html

Canadian National Museum
The fir st meetings between Inuit and English, 1576
CMCC - Inuit and Englishmen : The Nunavut voyages of Martin Frobisher
www.cmcc.muse.digital.ca/membrs/canhist/frobisher/frint01e.html

Polynesian Voyaging Society: An exploration of "how Polynesian
seafarers discovered and settled nearly every inhabitable island in
the Pacific Ocean before European explorers arrived in the 16th century."
Polynesian Voyaging Society
leahi.kcc.hawaii.edu/org/pvs/

A look at Haitian history from slavery to assembly lines.
Bitter Cane
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00734

Trade, migrations, military strength, cultures...N ative peoples in
Mexico thrived for centuries before Columbus arrived.
The Discover of America. Mesoamerica. History. Mexico for kids
explora.presidencia.gob.mx/pages_kids/history/mesoamerica/america_kids.html

The Fur Trade Era
MOUNTAIN MEN AND THE FUR TRADE
www.xmission.com/drudy/amm.html

Canada--its settlement and conflict with Native Peoples.

Canada Heirloom Series
collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/index.htm

While Europeans sailed west to America millions of Russians moved
east, settling alongs rivers, coasts and fertile land occupied by
Native peoples.
Meeting of Frontiers
frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfsplash.html

1696 Massachusettes document offering bounties for Indian scalps and
prisoners.
An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other
Printed Ephemera
memory.loc.gov/rbc/rbpe/rbpe03/rbpe033/03302900/001dr.jpg

In 1558, Don Juan de Onate ordered European settlers he had led to El
Paso to put on their best clothes for the FIRST Thanksgiving by colonists
First Thanksgiving 1558
www.homeworkcentral.com/knowledge/vsl_files.htp?fileid=161189&tg=ENGLIS&flt=CAB

French and British invasion of the upper Great Lakes area began in the
1500s.
The History of the Upper Midwest: An Overview
memory.loc.gov/ammem/umhtml/umessay0.html

Mt. Shasta in California, the Colorado Plateau in the Southwest,
Devils Tower in Wyoming, and the conflicts with American culture vs.
these Indian spiritual centers.
In the Light of Reverance
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00149

A documented site of actual trails and campsites used during the
Cherokee's forced removal to "Indian Territory."
Cherokee Trail of Tears Park
www.trailoftears.org/

Francisco Coronado, Join this Spanish explorer on his quest for the
Cities of Gold.
Francisco Coronado
www.homeworkcentral.com/knowledge/vs l_files
.htp?fileid=82909&flt=G

1774-1830's...recorded history from the fascinating Northwest coast
A history of the NW Coast
www.hallman.org/indian/.www.html

The War of 1812 and the Amerindians involvement.
Re-living History: The War of 1812
library.thinkquest.org/22916/exintro.html

In 1641, The Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de la Pura y Limpia
Concepción struck a shallow reef and sunk near Puerto Rico. Retrace
her final journey, walk the decks, and examine the wealth of silver
recently discovered in her ruins.
Silver Bank @ nationalgeographic.com
www.nationalgeographic.com/silverbank/mintro .html

The illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian sovereignty in 1893 by the
American government.
Act of War: the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00125

The history of Mexican-American/Chicana women-from the Spanish
invasion to the present.

Adelante Mujeres!
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00348

Examines how Native Americans have been "imagined" in the movies and
in popular culture.
Imagining Indians
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00134

People there still talk about the 1756 massacr e pf Fort Seybert
(W.Wa.)by young Delaware Chief Killbuck and his group of Ohio-area
warriors.
Both Sides: Images form both sides of World War One. The Web of Time,
Issue Two, Fall 1998
theweboftime.com/Issue-3/fort2.htm

Kamchatka was born of fire, like the Earth itself. Learn more about
the Russian peoples of this Bering Sea region whose ancestors may be
those of many Native Americans.
The Living Edens: Kamchatka
www.pbs.org/edens/kamchatka/

More than 200 years after his death, Junipero Serra is still a pivotal
figure in California history and a flashpoint for controversy over
European treatment of Indians.
People in THE WEST - Junipero Serra
www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/wpages/wpgs400/w4serra.htm

The souther n O'odh am ("Pimas Bajos"), and the northern O'odham
(Pimas Altos), helped Father Juan Bautista Velderrain create a desert
masterpiece.
Spain in Arizona: San Xavier del Bac, The Web of Time Issue Two
theweboftime.com/Issue-2/sanxavier.htm

The Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Curriculum Unit:The Indian's
Discovery of Europeans
The Indians’ Discovery of Columbus
www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1992/2/92.02.01.x.html

The Cherokee Trail of Tears
National Historic Trail/The Trail of Tears
rosecity.net/tears/trail/tearsnht.html

Examines how Native Americans have been "imagined" in the movies and
in popular culture.
Imagining Indians
www.mediarights.org/search/fil_detail.php?fil_id=00134

Search this historical cartoon website for "Indians" and experience
how influential--and harmful-- the media can be.
Political Cartoons and Cartoonists
www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/pc_intro.html

From the Library of Congress, this exhibition examines the first
sustained contacts between American people and European explorers,
conquerors and settlers from 1492 to 1600."
Discover the discovery.
1492 Exhibit
www.ibiblio.org/expo/1492.exhibit/Intro.html

Find out how you can join a free, virtual cross-country voyage with a
team of historical explorers.
The C onquistadors - Start the Adventure
pbs.org/teachersource/whats_new/social/thismonth_social.shtm

Phoebe Banks, whose family were slaves to Creek Indians, recalls slave
days.
Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project,
1936-1938
memory.loc.gov/mss/mesn/130/012008.tif

Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project,
1936-1938

Story of a Young Indian Boy's Recollections of Slavery.

memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mesn&fileName=021/mesn0
21.db&
recNum=82&itemLink=D?mesnbib:5:./temp/~ammem_ZYUH::

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